Pomeranian
Pom
Pomeranian: does it suit you?
11 quick questions, the same ones this page answers. After each answer you see what the breed needs, and at the end whether it fits your life.
Pomeranian: a good fit for you
Pomeranian: could work, with compromises
Pomeranian: probably not the right dog for you
Your answers match what the breed needs.
Most of your answers fit. Check the points below before you decide.
Some of your answers don't fit what the breed needs. The points below show where.
What to think about
What fits
A better match for your answers:
None of the 42 breeds on this site fits your answers better.
The Pomeranian takes its name from Pomerania, a region of north-eastern Europe that is now part of Poland and Germany.[1] The Royal Kennel Club calls it the smallest of the spitz breeds, bred down in size from the German Spitz.[2] Its FCI standard describes an attentive, lively and cheerful dog, extraordinarily attached to its owner, and an ideal companion, family dog and watch dog for house and flat.[3]
- Size
- Toy
- Weight
- 1.4–3.2 kg
- Life expectancy
- 12–16 years
Pomeranian: origin and history
The FCI does not list the Pomeranian as a breed of its own: in its standard it is the Toy Spitz (Zwergspitz) variety of the German Spitz, and outside German-speaking countries Toy Spitz dogs are known as Pomeranians.[3] German Spitz dogs descend from the Stone Age ‘peat dog’ (Torfhund) and the later lake-dwelling Spitz (Pfahlbauspitz), and the FCI calls the German Spitz the oldest dog breed in Central Europe.[3]
The Royal Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club, by contrast, treat the Pomeranian as a separate breed.[2][1] In the UK it was first seen in 1870 and became a great favourite of Queen Victoria, whose royal patronage helped to popularise it.[2] Under the FCI it belongs to Group 5 (Spitz and primitive types), Section 4 (European Spitz), with Germany as its country of origin.[3]
Fact sheet
Character and needs
Rated on a scale from very low to very high.
- Exercise needsmoderate
- Trainabilitymoderate
- Grooming needshigh
- Sheddinghigh
- Barkingvery high
- Good with kidslow
- Good with other dogsmoderate
- Good with catsmoderate
- Apartment-friendlyvery high
- Copes with being alonemoderate
- Watchdog instinctmoderate
- Good for first-time ownersmoderate
- Affectionhigh
Pomeranian: questions and answers
Is it a good dog for first-time owners?
With good preparation. It rates 3 out of 5 for first-time owners. Training takes patience and consistency (3 out of 5 for trainability).
How long can it be left alone?
Up to 4 hours, once the dog is an adult and has learned to be alone step by step. A few hours alone work if you build up slowly (3 out of 5 for coping alone). More than 6 hours at a stretch isn't fair on any dog; plan for a dog sitter or daycare. Puppies need company: start with a few minutes and build up.
How much exercise does it need?
1 to 2 hours a day, spread over several walks. A mix of walks and play keeps the dog balanced.
How long does it live?
12–16 years is the typical life expectancy. That is longer than the average of the 42 breeds on this site (12.6 years). Breed-typical health risks: luxating patella, dental problems.
How big does it get?
18–24 cm at the withers and 1.4–3.2 kg. Size class: toy.
Is it a good family dog?
Better in a home with older children or adults only. It rates 2 out of 5 with children. The small body is easily hurt in rough play, so toddlers need supervision. With other dogs it rates 3 out of 5, with cats 3 out of 5. Never leave young children alone with any dog.
Does it shed a lot?
Yes, a lot: 4 out of 5 for shedding. Expect hair on clothes, sofa and car all year round. The coat needs brushing several times a week, and more often during the moult.
Male or female?
Males are usually larger: they sit at the top of the range (up to 24 cm and 3.2 kg), females at the bottom (from 18 cm and 1.4 kg). Character differences between the sexes are smaller than between individual dogs; upbringing matters more. Unspayed females come into heat about twice a year, and unneutered males can be restless around them.
Pomeranian or Yorkshire Terrier?
Biggest difference: shedding (high vs. very low).
| Pomeranian | Yorkshire Terrier | |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Toy | Toy |
| Weight | 1.4–3.2 kg | 2–3.2 kg |
| Life expectancy | 12–16 years | 13–16 years |
| Coat | Long | Long |
| Shedding | High | Very low |
| Grooming needs | High | Very high |
| Barking | Very high | High |
Who it suits
A good fit if you…
- live in an apartment
Pomeranian: the downsides
Every breed has a flip side. Before you decide, check that you can live with these:
- Barks a lot
- 5 out of 5 for barking. With thin walls that can cause trouble with neighbours; training helps but rarely makes the dog quiet.
- Sheds heavily
- 4 out of 5 for shedding. Expect hair on clothes, sofa and car all year round.
- High-maintenance coat
- 4 out of 5 for grooming. The coat needs brushing several times a week, and more often during the moult.
- Not ideal with young children
- 2 out of 5 with children. The small body is easily hurt in rough play.
Pomeranian: puppy price and monthly costs
£700 – £2,500 for a puppy from a breeder in the UK (Agria Pet Insurance, 2026). From £69 a month in running costs in the UK (PDSA, 2024). Covers food, vet visits, insurance, other costs.
| Country | Puppy from a breeder | Running costs per month |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | £700 – £2,500 [5] | from £69 [6] |
| United States | from $1,500 [7] | $116 [8] |
| Canada | no data | CA$367 [9] |
| Australia | no data | A$210 [10] |
| New Zealand | no data | NZ$100 [11] |
- Set-up costs at the start: £415 – £560 for basic equipment, first vaccinations, wormers and neutering (PDSA, 2024).
- Dog licence in Northern Ireland: £12.50 a year; England, Scotland and Wales have none (nidirect, 2026).
- Dog licence in the US: $5 – $20 a year, set by the city or county (American Kennel Club, 2021).
- Dog licence in Canada: CA$25–60 a year in Toronto, less for a neutered dog (City of Toronto, 2026).
- Dog registration with the council in Australia: A$20–200 a year, depending on the council and whether the dog is desexed (Mozo, 2026).
- Dog registration with the council in New Zealand: NZ$78–182 a year in Auckland, depending on the dog (PetMall NZ, citing Auckland Council, 2026).
- Puppies far below these prices often come without health checks or papers.
Health
Breed-typical health risks
- Luxating patella [17]
- The kneecap slips out of place, common in small breeds.
- Dental problems [18]
- Small jaws build up tartar quickly. Regular brushing helps.
Health tests for the parent dogs
5 health tests appear in the breeding rules for the breed.
- No health test is required for breeding in the UK (The Royal Kennel Club); the table shows what is recommended.
- Needed for a CHIC number in the US (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals): kneecap check, eye exam, heart exam, and thyroid test.
- No health test is required for breeding in New Zealand (Dogs New Zealand); the table shows what is recommended.
| Test | United Kingdom [2] | United States [19] | New Zealand [20] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hip X-ray (HD)Hip dysplasia | not in the rules | Recommended | not in the rules |
| Kneecap checkPatella luxation | not in the rules | Required | Recommended |
| Eye examInherited eye disease, by a certified vet ophthalmologist | Recommended | Required | Recommended |
| Heart examInherited heart disease, by a cardiologist | not in the rules | Required | Recommended |
| Thyroid testAutoimmune thyroiditis | not in the rules | Required | not in the rules |
● Required. ○ Recommended: advised, not required. – Not in the rules. The clubs and their rules are in the source list.
United Kingdom: the Royal Kennel Club’s Health Standard requires no test, so every test is ○ recommended.
United States: ● means the test is needed for a CHIC number from the OFA; taking part in CHIC is voluntary.
New Zealand: the kennel club lists these tests as advice and requires none, so every test is ○ recommended.
What to ask the breeder
- Certificates for both parents: kneecap check, eye exam, heart exam, and thyroid test. A claim that the parents are “health tested” is not enough.
- To see the puppies with their mother, at the breeder’s home.
- The pedigree papers (United Kingdom: Royal Kennel Club registration certificate; Canada: CKC certificate of registration; Australia: Dogs Australia pedigree, issued by the state body; New Zealand: Dogs NZ certificate of registration). [21] [22] [23] [24]
- 8 weeks: the youngest age at which a puppy may leave its mother in the UK, in Canada (Quebec), and in Australia (New South Wales). [25] [26] [27]
- Advice on buying a puppy: The Royal Kennel Club, The Canadian Kennel Club, Dogs Australia, and Dogs New Zealand. [28] [29] [30] [31]
Similar breeds
Sources
- American Kennel Club: Pomeranian Dog Breed Information
- The Royal Kennel Club: Pomeranian | Breeds A to Z
- FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale): Breed standard No. 97: Pomeranian (2024)
- American Kennel Club (AKC): Official breed standard: Pomeranian (2011)
- Agria Pet Insurance (UK): Pomeranian Pet Insurance - The UK's Most Trusted Pet Insurer (2026)
- PDSA (People's Dispensary for Sick Animals, UK veterinary charity): The cost of owning a dog (2024). Covers food, vet visits, insurance, other costs.
- PetMD: Pomeranian Dog Breed Health and Care (2026)
- ASPCA (American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals): Cutting Pet Care Costs (2021). Covers food, vet visits, preventive medicine, insurance, toys and treats, boarding, dog licence, grooming supplies.
- Pets Plus Us (Canadian pet insurer; figures from OVMA 2024 Cost of Care research): HOW MUCH IS THAT DOGGY? (EN-DOG_PPU_Cost-of-Care_Aug2024_v3.pdf) (2024). Covers food, vet visits, insurance, dog tax, accessories.
- Animal Medicines Australia (survey by Sweeney Research/SNR): Pets in Australia: A national survey of pets and people (Pet Ownership Study 2025) (2025). Covers food, vet visits, insurance, parasite treatment, vet medicines, supplements, grooming, training, accessories, dog walking, boarding, transport, memberships, alternative healthcare.
- Companion Animals New Zealand (NZ Companion Animal Council): Companion Animals in New Zealand 2016 (section 6.3 Dogs, Fig 50) (2016). Covers food, vet visits, dog tax, boarding, equipment, grooming, healthcare products, insurance, training, other costs.
- nidirect (official government website for Northern Ireland): Dog licensing and microchipping (2026)
- American Kennel Club: Are You Financially Prepared for a Puppy? Explore Costs of Owning a Dog (2021)
- City of Toronto: Pet Licensing Fees (2026)
- Mozo: How much does it cost to own a dog or cat in Australia? 2026 (2026)
- PetMall NZ, citing Auckland Council: Auckland Dog Registration 2026–27: Late Fees Now Apply — Full Fee Table (2026)
- Canine Genetics and Epidemiology (O'Neill D.G. et al., VetCompass): The epidemiology of patellar luxation in dogs attending primary-care veterinary practices in England (2016)
- Journal of Small Animal Practice (Jemmett A.A. et al., Waltham Petcare Science Institute): Risk assessment of canine periodontal disease: insights from owner-reported health questionnaires (2026)
- Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA): CHIC Program Requirements: Pomeranian
- Dogs New Zealand: Accredited Breeder Health Tests for the POMERANIAN (former Accredited Breeders Scheme test list)
- The Royal Kennel Club: What should the breeder give me?
- The Canadian Kennel Club: By-Laws (incl. Code of Ethics (2025)
- Dogs Australia: Getting a Dog: Importance of Pedigree Papers
- Dogs New Zealand (New Zealand Kennel Club Inc.): Registration Regulations (Section 4, Reg. 24: Litter Registration Limitations (2026)
- UK Government (legislation.gov.uk): The Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities Involving Animals) (England) Regulations 2018 (S.I. 2018/486), Schedule 6 (breeding dogs) and Schedule 3 (selling animals as pets) (2018)
- Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec (MAPAQ): Guide d'application du Règlement sur le bien-être et la sécurité des animaux domestiques de compagnie et des équidés (reproduces CQLR c. B-3.1, r. 0.1, art. 36) (2023)
- NSW Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD), State of New South Wales (fact sheet hosted by Dogs NSW): New laws for dog breeders in NSW (fact sheet on the 2024-25 amendments to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979 and Companion Animals Act 1998) (2025)
- The Royal Kennel Club: Questions for the breeder
- The Canadian Kennel Club: Finding an Accountable Breeder
- Dogs Australia: Getting a Dog: Choosing a Breeder
- Dogs New Zealand: How do you go about purchasing a pedigree pure bred dog?
Breeding rules, health sources and breed standards checked October 8, 2026.
Prices as published by the sources; collected October 8, 2026.
Breed traits describe typical tendencies. Every dog is an individual, shaped by genes, upbringing and training.